OPEN ACCESS AND MISSING MARKETS IN ARTISANAL FISHING

This paper combines a model of open access fisheries exploitation with a distance-based approach to missing labor and product markets. The model generates predictions about the circumstances under which exploitation increases or decreases with distance. An econometric model is estimated with survey data from artisanal fishing households in Minahasa, Indonesia. The results can be used to assess the impacts of improved transportation infrastructure on fishery exploitation.Marketing,

A Search for Low Surface Brightness Structure Around Compact Narrow Emission Line Galaxies

As the most extreme members of the rapidly evolving faint blue galaxy population at intermediate redshift, the compact narrow emission line galaxies (CNELGs) are intrinsically luminous (-22 < M_B < -18) with narrow emission linewidths (30 < \sigma < 125 km/s). Their nature is heavily debated: they may be low-mass starbursting galaxies that will fade to present-day dwarf galaxies or bursts of star formation temporarily dominating the flux of more massive galaxies, possibly related to in situ bulge formation or the formation of cores of galaxies. We present deep, high-quality (~0.6 - 0.8 arcsec) images with CFHT of 27 CNELGs. One galaxy shows clear evidence for a tidal tail; the others are not unambiguously embedded in galactic disks. Approximately 55% of the CNELGS have sizes consistent with local dwarfs of small-to-intermediate sizes, while 45% have sizes consistent with large dwarfs or disks galaxies. At least 4 CNELGs cannot harbor substantial underlying disk material; they are low-luminosity galaxies at the present epoch (M_B > -18). Conversely, 15 are not blue enough to fade to low-luminosity dwarfs (M_B > -15.2). The majority of the CNELGs are consistent with progenitors of intermediate-luminosity dwarfs and low-luminosity spiral galaxies with small disks. CNELGs are a heterogeneous progenitor population with significant fractions (up to 44%) capable of fading into today's faint dwarfs (M_B > -15.2), while 15 to 85% may only experience an apparently extremely compact CNELG phase at intermediate redshift but remain more luminous galaxies at the present epoch.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, emulateapj, published in Ap

Active utilization of a full DC-Link voltage in multilevel converter

© 2018 IEEE. Multilevel inverter technology has emerged recently as a very important alternative in the area of high-power medium-voltage energy conversion. Multilevel inverter reduces the inductors and filters size, whilst improving the output power quality. However, the main drawback of the multi-level inverter topologies is that they utilizes only ≤ 50% of the input dc-bus voltage, i.e. they require two times the peak of ac output voltage. For example, the nominal input voltage of the NPC, ANPC and Flying Capacitor is 800 V dc . This high dc-link voltage not only requires higher voltage components (both active and passive) but also prompts to use an additional front-end boost dc-dc converter. Considering these aspects, this paper presents a novel technique to extend the input dc-bus voltage utilization in any conventional multilevel inverter from ≤ 50% to ≤ 100%. The novel technique utilizes an additional T-type module (consist of four active switches), which is inserted just before the two dc-link capacitor forming a new grounding point. The novel method not only reduces the input voltage requirement and voltage stress, but also increases the output voltage levels of the inverter. In general, this technique can be implemented to any multilevel inverter. An example of implementation of 5L inverter from the conventional 3-Level T-type inverter is discussed and validated. Measurement results shows that the new Dual T-type inverter has a flat efficiency « 99 % over a wide range of load

Diastereoselective synthesis of optically active (2R,5R)-hexanediol

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Diastereoselective reduction of diketones with Lactobacillus kefir DSM 20587 was examined. The reduction of both oxo-functions proceeded highly diastereoselectively. (2R,5R)-Hexanediol 3 was produced starting from (2,5)-hexanedione 1 in quantitative yields with enantiomeric excess >99% and diastereomeric excess >99%. The reaction conditions were optimized: maximum yield of (2R,5R)-hexanediol was reached at pH 6, 30°C and with equal amounts of substrate and cosubstrate. The applicability of the system in fed-batch experiments was demonstrated. The feed specific biomass concentration required to reach maximal yield and selectivity in fed-batch mode was determined

Analysis and design of a novel six-switch five-level active boost neutral point clamped inverter

This paper presents an analysis and design of a new boost type six-switch five-level Active Neutral Point Clamped (ANPC) inverter based on switched/flying capacitor technique with self-voltage balancing. Compared to major conventional 5-level inverter topologies, such as, Neutral Point Clamped (NPC), Flying Capacitor (FC), Cascaded Hbridge (CHB) and Active NPC (ANPC) topologies, the new topology reduces the dc-link voltage requirement by 50%. Whilst reducing the dc-link voltage requirement, the number and the size of the active and passive components are also reduced without compromising the reactive power capability. The analysis shows that the proposed topology is suitable for wide range of power conversion applications (for example, rolling mills, fans, pumps, marine appliances, mining, tractions, and most prominently grid-connected renewable energy systems). Experimental results from a 1.2- kVA prototype justifies the concept of the proposed inverter with a conversion efficiency of around 97.5% ± 1% for a wide load range

Empirical ugri-UBVRc Transformations for Galaxies

We present empirical color transformations between Sloan Digital Sky Survey ugri and Johnson-Cousins UBVRc photometry for nearby galaxies (D < 11 Mpc). We use the Local Volume Legacy (LVL) galaxy sample where there are 90 galaxies with overlapping observational coverage for these two filter sets. The LVL galaxy sample consists of normal, non-starbursting galaxies. We also examine how well the LVL galaxy colors are described by previous transformations derived from standard calibration stars and model-based galaxy templates. We find significant galaxy color scatter around most of the previous transformation relationships. In addition, the previous transformations show systematic offsets between transformed and observed galaxy colors which are visible in observed color-color trends. The LVL-based $galaxy$ transformations show no systematic color offsets and reproduce the observed color-color galaxy trends.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (9 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables